Sri Lankan Civil War - Wikipedia. Sri Lankan Civil Warශ්‍රී ලාංකික සිවිල් යුද්ධයஇலங்கை உள்நாட்டுப் போர்The area of Sri Lanka claimed by the LTTE as Tamil Eelam, where the vast majority of the fighting took place. Date. 23 July 1. 98.

1. Housing in the Santa Clara region of California is insanely expensive. Tech companies have taken to building modern day versions of mill towns just so their employees.
2. Luke Plunkett. Luke Plunkett is a Contributing Editor based in Canberra, Australia. He has written a book on cosplay, designed a game about airplanes, and also runs.

May 2. 00. 9[1](2. Location. Sri Lanka. Result. Territorialchanges. Government regains total control of former LTTE- controlled areas in the North and East of the country. Belligerents. Sri Lanka. Indian Peace Keeping Force(1. Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.

Commanders and leaders. J. R. Jayawardene(1. Ranasinghe Premadasa †(1. D. B. Wijetunga(1. Chandrika Kumaratunga(1.

Mahinda Rajapaksa(2. R. Venkataraman(1. Watch Savannah Online Hollywoodreporter. Rajiv Gandhi(1. 98. V. Prabhakaran †(1. Balraj. Karuna Amman(1. KPMahattaya  Pottu Amman.

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Shankar †Soosai †Strength. Sri Lanka Armed Forces: 9.

Indian Peace Keeping Force: 1. Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam(excluding Auxiliary forces): 6,0. Auxiliary forces): 2.

Casualties and losses 2. Sri Lankan military and police)[6][7][8] 1,2. Indian Peace Keeping Force)[9] 2. May 2. 00. 9: Sri Lankan Government declared a military defeat of LTTE.[1. Watch Cloud 9 Online Etonline. May 2. 00. 9: LTTE admit defeat by Sri Lankan Government.[1. May 2. 00. 9: President Mahinda Rajapaksa officially declares end of civil war in parliament. The Sri Lankan Civil War was an armed conflict fought on the island of Sri Lanka.

Beginning on 2. 3 July 1. Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (the LTTE, also known as the Tamil Tigers), which fought to create an independent. Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the north and the east of the island. After a 2. 6- year military campaign, the Sri Lankan military defeated the Tamil Tigers in May 2. For over 2. 5 years, the war caused significant hardships for the population, environment and the economy of the country, with an initial estimated 8.

In 2. 01. 3, the UN panel estimated additional deaths during the last phase of the war: "Around 4. During the early part of the conflict, the Sri Lankan forces attempted to retake the areas captured by the LTTE. The tactics employed by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam against the actions of Government forces resulted in their listing as a terrorist organisation in 3. United States, India, Canada and the member nations of the European Union.[2.

The Sri Lankan government forces have also been accused of human rights abuses, systematic impunity for serious human rights violations, lack of respect for habeas corpus in arbitrary detentions, and forced disappearances.[2. After two decades of fighting and four failed tries at peace talks, including the unsuccessful deployment of the Indian Army, the Indian Peace Keeping Force from 1. December 2. 00. 1, and a ceasefire agreement signed with international mediation in 2.

However, limited hostilities renewed in late 2. LTTE beginning in July 2. LTTE out of the entire Eastern province of the island. The LTTE then declared they would "resume their freedom struggle to achieve statehood".[2. In 2. 00. 7, the government shifted its offensive to the north of the country, and formally announced its withdrawal from the ceasefire agreement on 2 January 2. LTTE violated the agreement over 1.

Since then, aided by the destruction of a number of large arms smuggling vessels that belonged to the LTTE,[2. Tamil Tigers, the government took control of the entire area previously controlled by the Tamil Tigers, including their de facto capital Kilinochchi, main military base Mullaitivu and the entire A9 highway,[2. LTTE to finally admit defeat on 1. May 2. 00. 9.[2. 8] Following the LTTE's defeat, pro- LTTE Tamil National Alliance dropped its demand for a separate state, in favour of a federal solution.[2. In May 2. 01. 0, Mahinda Rajapaksa, the then president of Sri Lanka, appointed the Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission (LLRC) to assess the conflict between the time of the ceasefire agreement in 2.

LTTE in 2. 00. 9.[3. Origin and evolution[edit]The origins of the Sri Lankan Civil War lie in the continuous political rancor between the majority Sinhalese and the minority Tamils.[3. The roots of the modern conflict lie in the British colonial rule when the country was known as Ceylon. There was initially little tension among Sri Lanka's two largest ethnic groups, the Sinhalese and the Tamils, when Ponnambalam Arunachalam, a Tamil, was appointed representative of the Sinhalese as well the Tamils in the national legislative council.

In 1. 91. 9 major Sinhalese and Tamil political organizations united to form the Ceylon National Congress, under the leadership of Arunachalam, to press the colonial government for more constitutional reforms. However, British Gov.

William Manning actively encouraged the concept of "communal representation" and created the Colombo town seat in 1. Tamils and the Sinhalese.[3. Watch Wolves Online Free 2016 on this page.

After their election to the State Council in 1. Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) members N. M. Perera and Philip Gunawardena demanded the replacement of English as the official language by Sinhala and Tamil. In November 1. 93. Municipal and Police Courts of the Island the proceedings should be in the vernacular" and that "entries in police stations should be recorded in the language in which they are originally stated" were passed by the State Council and referred to the Legal Secretary. However, in 1. 94. J. R. Jayawardene moved in the State Council that Sinhala should replace English as the official language.

In 1. 94. 8, immediately after independence, a controversial law was passed by the Ceylon Parliament called the Ceylon Citizenship Act, which deliberately discriminated against the Indian Tamil ethnic minority by making it virtually impossible for them to obtain citizenship in the country.[3. Approximately over 7. Indian Tamils were made stateless.

Over the next three decades more than 3. Indian Tamils were deported back to India.[3. It wasn't until 2. Indian Tamils living in Sri Lanka were granted citizenship, but by this time they only made up 5% of the island's population.

In 1. 95. 6 Prime Minister S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike passed the "Sinhala Only Act", which replaced English with Sinhala as the only official language of the country. This was seen as a deliberate attempt to discourage the Sri Lankan Tamils from working in the Ceylon Civil Service and other public services. The Tamil- speaking minorities of Ceylon (Sri Lankan Tamils, Indian Tamils and Sri Lankan Moors) viewed the Act as linguistic, cultural and economic discrimination against them.[3. Many Tamil- speaking civil servants/public servants were forced to resign because they weren't fluent in Sinhala.[3. This was a prelude to the 1.

Gal Oya riots and the 1. Tamil civilians perished.

The civil war was a direct result of the escalation of the confrontational politics that followed.[3. In the late 1. 96. Tamil state of "Tamil Eelam" began to circulate. At this time Anton Balasingham, an employee of the British High Commission in Colombo, began to participate in separatist activities. He later migrated to Britain, where he became the chief theoretician of the LTTE.

In the late 1. 96. Tamil youth, among them Velupillai Prabhakaran, also became involved in these activities. They carried out several hit- and- run operations against pro- government Tamil politicians, Sri Lanka police and the civil administration. During the 1. 97.

Policy of standardization was initiated. Under the policy, students were admitted to university in proportion to the number of applicants who sat for the examination in their language. Officially the policy was designed to increase the representation of students from rural areas. In practice the policy reduced the numbers of Sri Lankan Tamil students who had previously, based on their examination scores alone, gained admission in a higher proportion than their participation in the examination. They were now required to gain higher marks than Sinhalese students to gain admission to universities.[3. For instance, the qualifying mark for admission to the medical faculties was 2.

Tamil students, but only 2.

The Latest Plan to Fix the Silicon Valley Housing Crisis Is to Build on Top of Trash. Housing in the Santa Clara region of California is insanely expensive. Tech companies have taken to building modern day versions of mill towns just so their employees have a place to live. The latest solution to pick up traction in the area is to build on top of disused landfills and regulators are warming to the idea. The housing situation has gotten so ridiculous in Palo Alto, the original home of Facebook and…Read more Read.

Back in August of last year, Bloomberg reported that the median price of a home in the Palo Alto area had risen to $2. That’s thirteen times the national average. Tech workers making six figures complain that they have to get roommates to afford to live. And residents have waged war against the homeless. Now, a developer named Related Companies is bidding to build a $6. It will be called City Place, exactly the kind of name you’d expect from an organization called Related Companies.

The site is no longer used for dumping. A golf course and a BMW track were built on top years ago.

But that’s not the same as proposing that 1,6. Toxic vapors, dangerous gasses, and ground water contamination are all issues that have to be accounted for. The regulators were pretty skeptical at the start, I have to say,” Stephen Eimer, an executive vice president with Related tells Mercury News.

After much back and forth, Bay Area regulators have finally accepted Related’s technical document that outlines how the site would be made safe. A foot- thick concrete barrier would be laid over 3. Housing would be built over shops and restaurants to create more distance between the residents and the waste. Sensors and alarm systems would monitor gasses and a separate system would collect and dispose of it. The Santa Clara County Department of Environmental Health, California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery, and the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board have all accepted Related’s proposal but that doesn’t mean that it’s a done deal.

The green light to build never really happens until you get the last permit,” Ruth Shikada, Santa Clara’s assistant city manager tells Mercury News. While other landfills in the area have been used for retail, nothing on the scale of what Related’s asking for has been approved before. Keith Roberson, senior engineering geologist with the water quality control board, called Related’s proposal “a solid plan,” and he worries about setting a precedent. He emphasized that all proposals will have to be evaluated on a case- by- case basis. More research and monitoring will be necessary before any approvals will be made. The City of San Jose is also suing the City of Santa Clara over the project. San Jose claims that the imbalance of 2.

That argument certainly makes it sound like fixing one problem would just be creating another. If all goes to plan you could be living on top of a City Park Starbucks—with totally safe drinking water that definitely isn’t going to explode—within 5- 7 years.[Mercury News].